terraform-compliance is providing a Finding is referenced via a range of lines where you need to look for specific attributes in contrast with snyk. In an ideal way, this Scenario (among with all other Scenarios) will run on a CI/CD pipeline that will ensure that nothing is deployed by violating your policies. 
Contract tests answer the question, Does the expected input to the module match what I think I should pass to it? Contract tests ensure that the contract between a Terraform configurations expected inputs to a module and the modules actual inputs has not been broken. For a more comprehensive list of Terraform testing tools, check out this repository with a list of infrastructure testing tools. You can terraform validate and terraform plan to check your configuration, but will that be enough? If you do not want to use public reporting and maximise the output enrichment, you can choose to utilise snyk-to-html. With Lambda AWS container image support it starts to be very interesting for native DevSecOps serverless scanning. golang Interesting feature is error history which can show you when the engineering errors were introduced during the resource lifetime. The goal of BDD is to encourage teams to build concrete examples that express a common understanding of how the system should behave. Configuration parsing, terraform fmt -check, and terraform validate do not require active infrastructure resources or authentication to an infrastructure provider. Ill start at the bottom of the pyramid with unit tests and work my way up the pyramid to end-to-end tests. Scanning for these violations first-hand is a great way to get acquainted with what Terraform misconfigurations look like and the associated risks. The module uses a dedicated Terraform Cloud workspace with an attached Sentinel policy of its unit tests. Sign up for our monthly newsletter to stay up to date with all things Bridgecrew. 
Getting started. Fortunately, Terraform is an abstraction layer for any API that creates, updates, or destroys cloud-infrastructure entities. 
2. On occasion, you can omit integration tests because of their high financial and time cost. However, none of these tests verify correct variable interpolation, list iteration, or other configuration logic. We testedcheckov,snyk,terrascanandtfsec. The security finding (defined by ID and description). Add them to the community forum! Because. Operations team members should still be able to examine system metrics in their monitoring tools. To check that the monitoring tool has system metrics, you can check if it contains data from your system in the last five minutes. Terrascan is also available as GitHub action. Depending on your systems cost and complexity, you can apply a variety of testing strategies to Terraform modules and configuration. If you need to report a non-security related bug, please open an issue on the Terraform GitHub repository. You signed in with another tab or window. Troubleshoot common problems when using Terraform on Azure, Learn more about using Terraform in Azure, Configure Terraform in Azure Cloud Shell with Bash, Configure Terraform in Azure Cloud Shell with PowerShell, Configure Terraform in Windows with PowerShell, Understand when to use compliance testing. Ability to scan Terraform code defining AWS and GCP resources for security issues. Idea of API server and container can be merged in usage of AWS EKS (alternatively GKE) or ECS. A common problem is environments that break when multiple developers apply incompatible changes. These checks are defined as simple JSON or YAML so you do not need to write additional GO code. We also looked at the remediated findings in the final report. The import of the repository is very easy and you just need to define your GitLab API key scopes to give read only access to the selected repository. Module testing applies mostly to immutable resources because of its create and delete sequence. I explained the different types of tests and how you can apply them to catching errors in Terraform configuration before production, and how to incorporate them into pipelines. Terraform providers include acceptance tests that resources properly create, update, and delete with the right configuration values. Ability to filter specific rules / ignore specific findings (mitigating false positives or accepting risk), 7. They create a load balancer, listener rule, and target group to verify that the module configures additional listener rules and target groups. ", "Consul services monitored by Consul-Terraform-Sync", this repository with a list of infrastructure testing tools, Test-Driven Development for Infrastructure, Moving Security and Sanity Left by Testing Terraform with InSpec, Terraform Code Reviews: Supercharged with Conftest, Testing Infrastructure as Code on Localhost, Number of resources or attributes generated by, Values associated with interpolated values, Expected variables or outputs marked as sensitive. No matter which tool you use, you can generalize the approaches outlined in this post to your overall infrastructure testing strategy. Worth mentioning is PR commenter which adds a comment to any area of the code which fails the tfsec scan. In the journey toward a modern service-based networking solution, core workflows are needed for discovering services, securing service communications, automating networking tasks, and controlling access. Check out the prototype. Terrascan supports around 500 policies similarly as other tested tools. Ensure all data stored in the RDS is not publicly accessible, Ensure no hardcoded AWS access key and secret key exists in EC2 user data, Ensure no security groups allow ingress from 0.0.0.0:0 to port 22, Ensure no hardcoded AWS access key and secret key exists in lambda environment, S3 Bucket has an ACL defined, which allows public READ access. terraform-compliance provides a test framework to create these policies that will be executed against Monitor feature of the Snyk agent is good for SCA but does not work on Terraform code well. They answer the question, Does this module or configuration create the resources successfully? A terraform apply offers limited integration testing because it creates and configures resources while managing dependencies. As a result, these tests usually run against long-lived development or production environments. When you focus purely on Terraform files, the performance is very good but the description of the issues is very vague and missing links to documentation of AWS/ GCP/ Terraform. Additional resources on practices and patterns for testing Terraform include: To learn about using Sentinel on Terraform Cloud, review our tutorial on Learn. As a result, it takes time to scroll through the planned changes to check your IP address. Instead, focus on unit testing any configuration not associated with modules. 
defences webogram With compliance testing, there are two important concepts to consider: compliance testing and compliance checks. As a result, you usually run a scaled-down version of production to save cost. At the bottom of the pyramid, unit tests verify individual resources and configurations for expected values. In production, run end-to-end tests against the system to confirm system availability. 
To start with the easier part we decided to gather the features of the compared tools based on our requirements and also add other ones that we thought could be interesting or useful. Ability to add and develop your own security rules, 8. You can use the same testing framework as your unit tests to check that a Terraform configuration passes the right inputs to a module. You can use terraform fmt -check and terraform validate as rudimentary unit tests. How do you know if you can run terraform apply to your infrastructure without affecting critical business applications? Failed changes to active environments will affect critical business systems. Terraform-compliance focuses on negative testing. In this post, Ill discuss some testing strategies for HashiCorp Terraform configuration and modules so that you can terraform apply with greater confidence. Then, run terraform apply and the integration tests to check that the module can still run without errors. Auto-detection of terraform executable & downloading (, Move orjson to be an optional dependency (, https://radish.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorial.html. Integration tests check that a configuration using a Terraform module passes properly formatted inputs. PART 2: AWS, AZURE or GCP? Expecting all cloud developers to know all those best practices is a little unrealistic. Terraform-compliance - a free and open-source tool - provides this functionality for Terraform configurations. 4. We make the cloud work for you. terraform-compliance mainly focuses on negative testing instead Integration tests help you determine whether or not to update your module version and ensure they run without errors. We started our own testing PoC and evaluation based on various metrics including false positive and false negative rating, integration options and quality of the recommendations itself. Huge comparison of cloud providers for the gaming industry. It misses impact severity and security background as in other tools in our selection. In reality, your tests may not perfectly align with the pyramid shape. Terragoat is a vulnerable-by-design Terraform project designed to give DevOps engineers a place to learn how to identifying misconfigured infrastructure as code modules and test infrastructure code without polluting their own professional AWS account. At Bridgecrew, were firm believers that cloud security needs to happen as early as possible-ideally when infrastructure is planned and applied using code. A fully managed platform to automate infrastructure on any cloud with HashiCorp products. In addition to custom validation rules, you can use Terraforms rich language syntax to validate variables with an object structure and check that the module receives the expected input. fesso slide01 Introducing TerraGoat, a vulnerable-by-design Terraform training project, Tutorial: Find, fix, and prevent Terraform misconfigurations with Bridgecrew, Tutorial: Scanning AWS CDK-generated templates at build-time with Bridgecrew, Announcing Checkov: Prevent cloud misconfigurations during build-time. You then run those policies against your Terraform execution plan. Fix the error by modifying main.tf as follows (where a Role and Creator tag are added). Manual testing involves spot-checking infrastructure for functionality and has a high cost in time and effort. The unit tests do not need to cover the configuration in modules. Note: We have ongoing research for terraform test, which supports module acceptance testing. Instead, unit and contract tests quickly automate the verification of important configurations and set a foundation for collaboration across teams and organizations. For more information about using Terraform in Azure, see the Azure Terraform developer center. Quality of security issue findings (positive vs. false positive findings) and also their connection to AWS/GCP and Terraform documentation. In the AWS load balancer case, add a map representing service objects and their expected attributes and type. Depending on your integration testing framework, you may need to write scripts or automation to terraform apply for test resources, run the tests, and terraform destroy the resources. The checks are written in python so some coding skills are needed in comparison with tfsec. After that we picked very simple metric - number of unique findings per tool: Its interesting to see in these results that Snyk performed exceptionally well on the AWS Terraform code, because it found more issues than checkov. Another person then applies a different version of the code that provisions different version of that VM. BDD is a collaborative process where all stakeholders work together to define what a system should do. One more, a rather peculiar thing is that terrascan rule descriptions for GCP are pretty much identical to the ones used by Checkov. At a glance, you dont know if it correctly replaces the hyphens and retrieves the IP address information. Questions about this post? Huge comparison of cloud providers for the gaming industry. Run terraform apply to apply the execution plan. A resource group is created with a name following the pattern. End-to-end tests usually depend on an entire system, including networks, compute clusters, load balancers, and more. Broker proxy is critical if you need to use public API and private code management. For larger, more complex configurations with many resources, you should not manually check individual parameters. Terrascan clones your repository code into the container and scans it. Run terraform init to initialize the working directory. Terraform-compliance allows you to apply BDD, or behavior-driven development, principles. a sample policy could be, if you are working with AWS, you should not create an S3 bucket, The HCL syntax allows you to specify the cloud provider - such as Azure - and the elements that make up your cloud infrastructure. for service, service_data in var.services : aws_lb_target_group_attachment_does_not_use_node_address, aws_lb_target_group_attachment_has_ip_address, "^\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}$", target_group_attachment.values.target_id not in, consul_terraform_sync_service_node_addresses, target_group_attachment.values.target_id matches, "Priority of listener rule between 1 to 50000", "The priority of listener_rule must be between 1 to 50000. Coincidence? Once you verify the changes, you apply the execution plan to deploy the infrastructure. Run terraform plan to create an execution plan. Check out TerraGoat on Github to get started. Since they run independently of infrastructure resources, unit tests have a virtually zero cost to run frequently. Tfsec is having quite good remediation and recommendation details with links to AWS, GCP or Terraform documentation. Once you define the policies, a tool like Terraform-compliance is used to ensure the policies are followed. Initially, we tried different internal repos as the testing dataset (Terraform files), but since we wanted the results to be shareable with the community and replicable, we decided to go with the publicly available repositoryterragoat. of having fully-fledged functional tests that are mostly used for With fuzzing, a system that receives input is tested to ensure that it can safely handle unexpected input. Are you puzzled from the wide range of choices of static analysis tools for Terraform? It does not provide links to advanced help or examples of good coding practice. Aspects that we wanted to consider as the evaluation metrics were (ordered by priority): 1. The first policy could be written as a BDD feature scenario as follows: The following code shows a test for a specific tag: In this section, you download and test the example. You can use a known host file to define the connectivity to GitLab or GitHub via ssh. Instead, use integration tests to verify that Terraform outputs include the correct values or number of resources. A module delivery pipeline starts with a terraform plan and then runs unit tests (and if applicable, contract tests) to verify the expected Terraform resources and configurations. Write unit, integration, and end-to-end tests for configuration of active environments. Lower-level tests communicate system knowledge and expectations to teams that need to maintain and update Terraform configuration. They answer the question, Can someone use the infrastructure system successfully? For example, application developers should still be able to deploy to HashiCorp Nomad after you upgrade the version. Most software teams do an analysis to check that the standards are properly enforced and implemented. Note: Consul Terraform Sync generates the services object outlined in the example. The previous rule is translated as follows: The Terraform HCL code would then adhere to the rule as follows. Many times, compliance testing is part of the continuous integration process and is used to ensure that user-defined policies are followed. Regarding the feature file format - radish is used to parse files with extension .feature - https://radish.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorial.html. Although these are interesting tools (and we know that with some work we could use them to do the intended security scanning) there are other tools oriented towards this particular task that are more plug-and-play.In the end we decided to compare a specific set of tools. When testing modules, consider the cost and test coverage of module tests. As a result, implement as much unit and contract testing as possible to fail quickly on wrong configurations instead of waiting for resources to create and delete. The result of these efforts can be seen in the following table. To solve this problem, write two unit tests with HashiCorp Sentinel to check parameters in the configurations plan and automate the IP address verification. As a result, it provides confidence in the modules successful usage but not necessarily in applying module updates to live infrastructure environments. The pyramid offers a common language to describe what area a test can cover to verify configuration and infrastructure resources. If you are running dockerized pipeline you can run tfsec in docker, and not only tfsec. The workspace uses a CLI-driven workflow since its integration tests have external dependencies. Run terraform show to convert the execution plan to JSON for the compliance step. your terraform plan in a context where both Another interesting thing to notice, is that all four tools were performing relatively similarly on the AWS files, and there were lots of issues that were found by three (7) or even all four tools (6), while in the GCP files there were only 4 issues on which three tools agreed and there was no issue which would be discover by all four tools. They also test infrastructure configuration that can only be verified after a terraform apply, such as invalid configurations, nonconformant passwords, or results of for_each iteration. Compliance testing would be used to enforce rules in these and many other scenarios. To skip this API call you can use the flag. For example, you might define geopolitical naming conventions for your Azure resources. The Terraform-compliance tool provides a test framework where you create policies like the example. You see a message indicating that the Terraform configuration is valid. In addition to existing community tools, wed love your feedback on our prototype for terraform test, which offers module acceptance testing. This was done by installing the tools, experimenting with them, checking their websites, code repositories, documentation, command line help, outputs, etc. The workflow runs unit tests written in Sentinel against a Terraform Cloud workspace. With Checkov you can scan the growing list of vulnerable resources that Terraform provisions into an AWS account. Let's say one person works on a change and applies resources such as creating a VM in a test environment. Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. optional faster_parsing pip install flag in the Installation Guide. 
Contract tests answer the question, Does the expected input to the module match what I think I should pass to it? Contract tests ensure that the contract between a Terraform configurations expected inputs to a module and the modules actual inputs has not been broken. For a more comprehensive list of Terraform testing tools, check out this repository with a list of infrastructure testing tools. You can terraform validate and terraform plan to check your configuration, but will that be enough? If you do not want to use public reporting and maximise the output enrichment, you can choose to utilise snyk-to-html. With Lambda AWS container image support it starts to be very interesting for native DevSecOps serverless scanning. golang Interesting feature is error history which can show you when the engineering errors were introduced during the resource lifetime. The goal of BDD is to encourage teams to build concrete examples that express a common understanding of how the system should behave. Configuration parsing, terraform fmt -check, and terraform validate do not require active infrastructure resources or authentication to an infrastructure provider. Ill start at the bottom of the pyramid with unit tests and work my way up the pyramid to end-to-end tests. Scanning for these violations first-hand is a great way to get acquainted with what Terraform misconfigurations look like and the associated risks. The module uses a dedicated Terraform Cloud workspace with an attached Sentinel policy of its unit tests. Sign up for our monthly newsletter to stay up to date with all things Bridgecrew. 
Getting started. Fortunately, Terraform is an abstraction layer for any API that creates, updates, or destroys cloud-infrastructure entities. 2. On occasion, you can omit integration tests because of their high financial and time cost. However, none of these tests verify correct variable interpolation, list iteration, or other configuration logic. We testedcheckov,snyk,terrascanandtfsec. The security finding (defined by ID and description). Add them to the community forum! Because. Operations team members should still be able to examine system metrics in their monitoring tools. To check that the monitoring tool has system metrics, you can check if it contains data from your system in the last five minutes. Terrascan is also available as GitHub action. Depending on your systems cost and complexity, you can apply a variety of testing strategies to Terraform modules and configuration. If you need to report a non-security related bug, please open an issue on the Terraform GitHub repository. You signed in with another tab or window. Troubleshoot common problems when using Terraform on Azure, Learn more about using Terraform in Azure, Configure Terraform in Azure Cloud Shell with Bash, Configure Terraform in Azure Cloud Shell with PowerShell, Configure Terraform in Windows with PowerShell, Understand when to use compliance testing. Ability to scan Terraform code defining AWS and GCP resources for security issues. Idea of API server and container can be merged in usage of AWS EKS (alternatively GKE) or ECS. A common problem is environments that break when multiple developers apply incompatible changes. These checks are defined as simple JSON or YAML so you do not need to write additional GO code. We also looked at the remediated findings in the final report. The import of the repository is very easy and you just need to define your GitLab API key scopes to give read only access to the selected repository. Module testing applies mostly to immutable resources because of its create and delete sequence. I explained the different types of tests and how you can apply them to catching errors in Terraform configuration before production, and how to incorporate them into pipelines. Terraform providers include acceptance tests that resources properly create, update, and delete with the right configuration values. Ability to filter specific rules / ignore specific findings (mitigating false positives or accepting risk), 7. They create a load balancer, listener rule, and target group to verify that the module configures additional listener rules and target groups. ", "Consul services monitored by Consul-Terraform-Sync", this repository with a list of infrastructure testing tools, Test-Driven Development for Infrastructure, Moving Security and Sanity Left by Testing Terraform with InSpec, Terraform Code Reviews: Supercharged with Conftest, Testing Infrastructure as Code on Localhost, Number of resources or attributes generated by, Values associated with interpolated values, Expected variables or outputs marked as sensitive. No matter which tool you use, you can generalize the approaches outlined in this post to your overall infrastructure testing strategy. Worth mentioning is PR commenter which adds a comment to any area of the code which fails the tfsec scan. In the journey toward a modern service-based networking solution, core workflows are needed for discovering services, securing service communications, automating networking tasks, and controlling access. Check out the prototype. Terrascan supports around 500 policies similarly as other tested tools. Ensure all data stored in the RDS is not publicly accessible, Ensure no hardcoded AWS access key and secret key exists in EC2 user data, Ensure no security groups allow ingress from 0.0.0.0:0 to port 22, Ensure no hardcoded AWS access key and secret key exists in lambda environment, S3 Bucket has an ACL defined, which allows public READ access. terraform-compliance provides a test framework to create these policies that will be executed against Monitor feature of the Snyk agent is good for SCA but does not work on Terraform code well. They answer the question, Does this module or configuration create the resources successfully? A terraform apply offers limited integration testing because it creates and configures resources while managing dependencies. As a result, these tests usually run against long-lived development or production environments. When you focus purely on Terraform files, the performance is very good but the description of the issues is very vague and missing links to documentation of AWS/ GCP/ Terraform. Additional resources on practices and patterns for testing Terraform include: To learn about using Sentinel on Terraform Cloud, review our tutorial on Learn. As a result, it takes time to scroll through the planned changes to check your IP address. Instead, focus on unit testing any configuration not associated with modules. defences webogram With compliance testing, there are two important concepts to consider: compliance testing and compliance checks. As a result, you usually run a scaled-down version of production to save cost. At the bottom of the pyramid, unit tests verify individual resources and configurations for expected values. In production, run end-to-end tests against the system to confirm system availability. To start with the easier part we decided to gather the features of the compared tools based on our requirements and also add other ones that we thought could be interesting or useful. Ability to add and develop your own security rules, 8. You can use the same testing framework as your unit tests to check that a Terraform configuration passes the right inputs to a module. You can use terraform fmt -check and terraform validate as rudimentary unit tests. How do you know if you can run terraform apply to your infrastructure without affecting critical business applications? Failed changes to active environments will affect critical business systems. Terraform-compliance focuses on negative testing. In this post, Ill discuss some testing strategies for HashiCorp Terraform configuration and modules so that you can terraform apply with greater confidence. Then, run terraform apply and the integration tests to check that the module can still run without errors. Auto-detection of terraform executable & downloading (, Move orjson to be an optional dependency (, https://radish.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorial.html. Integration tests check that a configuration using a Terraform module passes properly formatted inputs. PART 2: AWS, AZURE or GCP? Expecting all cloud developers to know all those best practices is a little unrealistic. Terraform-compliance - a free and open-source tool - provides this functionality for Terraform configurations. 4. We make the cloud work for you. terraform-compliance mainly focuses on negative testing instead Integration tests help you determine whether or not to update your module version and ensure they run without errors. We started our own testing PoC and evaluation based on various metrics including false positive and false negative rating, integration options and quality of the recommendations itself. Huge comparison of cloud providers for the gaming industry. It misses impact severity and security background as in other tools in our selection. In reality, your tests may not perfectly align with the pyramid shape. Terragoat is a vulnerable-by-design Terraform project designed to give DevOps engineers a place to learn how to identifying misconfigured infrastructure as code modules and test infrastructure code without polluting their own professional AWS account. At Bridgecrew, were firm believers that cloud security needs to happen as early as possible-ideally when infrastructure is planned and applied using code. A fully managed platform to automate infrastructure on any cloud with HashiCorp products. In addition to custom validation rules, you can use Terraforms rich language syntax to validate variables with an object structure and check that the module receives the expected input. fesso slide01 Introducing TerraGoat, a vulnerable-by-design Terraform training project, Tutorial: Find, fix, and prevent Terraform misconfigurations with Bridgecrew, Tutorial: Scanning AWS CDK-generated templates at build-time with Bridgecrew, Announcing Checkov: Prevent cloud misconfigurations during build-time. You then run those policies against your Terraform execution plan. Fix the error by modifying main.tf as follows (where a Role and Creator tag are added). Manual testing involves spot-checking infrastructure for functionality and has a high cost in time and effort. The unit tests do not need to cover the configuration in modules. Note: We have ongoing research for terraform test, which supports module acceptance testing. Instead, unit and contract tests quickly automate the verification of important configurations and set a foundation for collaboration across teams and organizations. For more information about using Terraform in Azure, see the Azure Terraform developer center. Quality of security issue findings (positive vs. false positive findings) and also their connection to AWS/GCP and Terraform documentation. In the AWS load balancer case, add a map representing service objects and their expected attributes and type. Depending on your integration testing framework, you may need to write scripts or automation to terraform apply for test resources, run the tests, and terraform destroy the resources. The checks are written in python so some coding skills are needed in comparison with tfsec. After that we picked very simple metric - number of unique findings per tool: Its interesting to see in these results that Snyk performed exceptionally well on the AWS Terraform code, because it found more issues than checkov. Another person then applies a different version of the code that provisions different version of that VM. BDD is a collaborative process where all stakeholders work together to define what a system should do. One more, a rather peculiar thing is that terrascan rule descriptions for GCP are pretty much identical to the ones used by Checkov. At a glance, you dont know if it correctly replaces the hyphens and retrieves the IP address information. Questions about this post? Huge comparison of cloud providers for the gaming industry. Run terraform apply to apply the execution plan. A resource group is created with a name following the pattern. End-to-end tests usually depend on an entire system, including networks, compute clusters, load balancers, and more. Broker proxy is critical if you need to use public API and private code management. For larger, more complex configurations with many resources, you should not manually check individual parameters. Terrascan clones your repository code into the container and scans it. Run terraform init to initialize the working directory. Terraform-compliance allows you to apply BDD, or behavior-driven development, principles. a sample policy could be, if you are working with AWS, you should not create an S3 bucket, The HCL syntax allows you to specify the cloud provider - such as Azure - and the elements that make up your cloud infrastructure. for service, service_data in var.services : aws_lb_target_group_attachment_does_not_use_node_address, aws_lb_target_group_attachment_has_ip_address, "^\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}$", target_group_attachment.values.target_id not in, consul_terraform_sync_service_node_addresses, target_group_attachment.values.target_id matches, "Priority of listener rule between 1 to 50000", "The priority of listener_rule must be between 1 to 50000. Coincidence? Once you verify the changes, you apply the execution plan to deploy the infrastructure. Run terraform plan to create an execution plan. Check out TerraGoat on Github to get started. Since they run independently of infrastructure resources, unit tests have a virtually zero cost to run frequently. Tfsec is having quite good remediation and recommendation details with links to AWS, GCP or Terraform documentation. Once you define the policies, a tool like Terraform-compliance is used to ensure the policies are followed. Initially, we tried different internal repos as the testing dataset (Terraform files), but since we wanted the results to be shareable with the community and replicable, we decided to go with the publicly available repositoryterragoat. of having fully-fledged functional tests that are mostly used for With fuzzing, a system that receives input is tested to ensure that it can safely handle unexpected input. Are you puzzled from the wide range of choices of static analysis tools for Terraform? It does not provide links to advanced help or examples of good coding practice. Aspects that we wanted to consider as the evaluation metrics were (ordered by priority): 1. The first policy could be written as a BDD feature scenario as follows: The following code shows a test for a specific tag: In this section, you download and test the example. You can use a known host file to define the connectivity to GitLab or GitHub via ssh. Instead, use integration tests to verify that Terraform outputs include the correct values or number of resources. A module delivery pipeline starts with a terraform plan and then runs unit tests (and if applicable, contract tests) to verify the expected Terraform resources and configurations. Write unit, integration, and end-to-end tests for configuration of active environments. Lower-level tests communicate system knowledge and expectations to teams that need to maintain and update Terraform configuration. They answer the question, Can someone use the infrastructure system successfully? For example, application developers should still be able to deploy to HashiCorp Nomad after you upgrade the version. Most software teams do an analysis to check that the standards are properly enforced and implemented. Note: Consul Terraform Sync generates the services object outlined in the example. The previous rule is translated as follows: The Terraform HCL code would then adhere to the rule as follows. Many times, compliance testing is part of the continuous integration process and is used to ensure that user-defined policies are followed. Regarding the feature file format - radish is used to parse files with extension .feature - https://radish.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorial.html. Although these are interesting tools (and we know that with some work we could use them to do the intended security scanning) there are other tools oriented towards this particular task that are more plug-and-play.In the end we decided to compare a specific set of tools. When testing modules, consider the cost and test coverage of module tests. As a result, implement as much unit and contract testing as possible to fail quickly on wrong configurations instead of waiting for resources to create and delete. The result of these efforts can be seen in the following table. To solve this problem, write two unit tests with HashiCorp Sentinel to check parameters in the configurations plan and automate the IP address verification. As a result, it provides confidence in the modules successful usage but not necessarily in applying module updates to live infrastructure environments. The pyramid offers a common language to describe what area a test can cover to verify configuration and infrastructure resources. If you are running dockerized pipeline you can run tfsec in docker, and not only tfsec. The workspace uses a CLI-driven workflow since its integration tests have external dependencies. Run terraform show to convert the execution plan to JSON for the compliance step. your terraform plan in a context where both Another interesting thing to notice, is that all four tools were performing relatively similarly on the AWS files, and there were lots of issues that were found by three (7) or even all four tools (6), while in the GCP files there were only 4 issues on which three tools agreed and there was no issue which would be discover by all four tools. They also test infrastructure configuration that can only be verified after a terraform apply, such as invalid configurations, nonconformant passwords, or results of for_each iteration. Compliance testing would be used to enforce rules in these and many other scenarios. To skip this API call you can use the flag. For example, you might define geopolitical naming conventions for your Azure resources. The Terraform-compliance tool provides a test framework where you create policies like the example. You see a message indicating that the Terraform configuration is valid. In addition to existing community tools, wed love your feedback on our prototype for terraform test, which offers module acceptance testing. This was done by installing the tools, experimenting with them, checking their websites, code repositories, documentation, command line help, outputs, etc. The workflow runs unit tests written in Sentinel against a Terraform Cloud workspace. With Checkov you can scan the growing list of vulnerable resources that Terraform provisions into an AWS account. Let's say one person works on a change and applies resources such as creating a VM in a test environment. Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. optional faster_parsing pip install flag in the Installation Guide.